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Capsulotomy is a surgical procedure that involves the incision or opening of the capsule, which is a fibrous structure surrounding an organ or joint, most commonly the lens of the eye or a joint such as the shoulder or hip. In ophthalmology, capsulotomy refers specifically to the incision made in the capsule of the lens of the eye after cataract surgery or when a posterior capsule opacification occurs, a condition where the capsule becomes cloudy and impairs vision. This procedure can be performed using a laser in a technique known as YAG capsulotomy, where a YAG (yttrium-aluminium-garnet) laser is utilized to create an opening in the cloudy capsule to restore clear vision without the need for traditional surgical techniques. The procedure is generally outpatient, quick, and often results in immediate improvement in vision, enabling the patient to return to normal activities shortly after the treatment. In orthopedic applications, capsulotomy can be performed to gain better access to the joint during surgery, particularly in reconstructive operations or when dealing with conditions like adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) or during arthroscopy, which involves the use of a camera and tools inserted into the joint through small incisions. In this context, the capsulotomy allows surgeons to address issues within the joint by increasing visibility and accessibility to tissues that may need repair or intervention. The surgical process typically involves the careful dissection of the capsule, followed by the identification and treatment of underlying structures such as ligaments, tendons, or other connective tissue that may be contributing to pain or dysfunction. In both ophthalmologic and orthopedic settings, capsulotomy may carry some risks, including infection, bleeding, and potential damage to surrounding tissues; however, these risks are generally considered minimal compared to the benefits of restoring function or vision. The decision to perform a capsulotomy, whether it be in the eye or a musculoskeletal joint, often depends on the severity of the condition being treated, the overall health of the patient, and other factors such as the anticipated recovery time and possible outcomes. Following capsulotomy, patients are typically monitored for any signs of complications, and in the case of eye surgery, they may be prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and promote healing. Although capsulotomy is a common and effective technique utilized in modern medicine, patient education about the procedure, expected outcomes, and potential risks plays a vital role in the overall satisfaction and success of the treatment, ensuring that individuals are well-informed and prepared for their post-operative recovery. Overall, capsulotomy demonstrates the importance of surgical intervention in treating various conditions, enhancing quality of life through restored function and improved vision.